Tampilkan postingan dengan label Unity. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label Unity. Tampilkan semua postingan

Rabu, 08 Juli 2020

Pesan Penting Dari Vassula tentang Paus Fransiskus

Disampaikan tanggal 13 November 2019

 Pengikut TLIG/HSDA yang terhormat,

Saya terkejut melihat kenyataan bahwa beberapa dari Anda mengikuti penganiaya Paus Fransiskus dan bahwa Anda menambahkan fitnah kepadanya. Anda telah dibutakan dan menjadi salah satu hakim yang menyerang gembala kita. Tidak tahu malu kalian! Semua orang dalam kelompok TLIG kami yang menentang Paus Fransiskus yang telah dipilih oleh Kristus, saya berharap mereka segera mundur dan keluar dari TLIG! Keluar dari kelompok doa kami, keluar dari semua retret dan Ziarah kami karena kalian seperti benalu dalam Tubuh Kristus! Saya HANYA mendengarkan apa yang Kristus katakan tentang Paus dan saya tidak mendengarkan mereka yang mengaku paling tahu dan saya tidak peduli apa pun posisi mereka.

 

Siapa pun yang mengutuk Vicar Gereja-Ku tidak bisa menjadi murid-Ku

Sumber: https://ww3.tlig.org/en/messages/1190/
Disampaikan oleh Tuhan Yesus tanggal 16 Agustus 2019

Putri pilihanku, Aku memberimu kedamaian; jangan terganggu oleh jiwa-jiwa kecil ini, berdoalah untuk mereka; Aku mengingatkan kalian bahwa siapa pun yang telah berkomitmen untuk mengikuti-Ku dan mencoba hidup dalam pengabdian kepada-Ku pasti akan diserang! jika jiwa-jiwa kecil ini tidak mau mendengarkan maka mereka tidak akan pernah belajar; bersabarlah dalam doa, tabah dan mau terus belajar dari Kebijaksanaan; Waspadalah terhadap gosip; Waspadalah terhadap orang-orang ini yang mengutuk dan menghakimi Paus, mereka adalah penggosip yang memberi selamat kepada diri sendiri dan satu sama lain saat berbicara menentang Paus; terperangkap dalam bayangan mereka sendiri, mereka terbawa arus, berperilaku tidak benar; Gereja-Ku akan selalu menjunjung tinggi kebenaran dan akan selalu menjaganya tetap aman ... jadi siapa pun yang mengutuk Vicar Gereja-Ku (Paus-red) tidak bisa menjadi murid-Ku; kerendahan hati hilang dari mereka!

Jumat, 25 Februari 2011

Harapan Terwujudnya Pertemuan Paus Roma Dengan Patriak Rusia

Time Seems Right (or Nearly So), But Nothing on the Horizon
By Paul De Maeyer

ROME, FEB. 21, 2011 (Zenit.org).- "Welcome, Mr. President, this meeting of ours is very important," Benedict XVI told Russian President Dmitry Medvedev last Thursday when the president visited the Pope in the Vatican.

These words underscore something of the visit's significance, Medvedev's first after the establishment of full diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Russia. It was at their first meeting in December 2009 that the president and Pope agreed to upgrade existing ties to the level of full diplomatic relations.

Rabu, 08 Desember 2010

Uskup China Yang Loyal Ke Paus Dipaksa Untuk Menghadiri Pelantikan Uskup Patriotik

Chinese Prelates Forced to Official Church Meeting
Patriotic Association Aims to Elect New Officers
ROME, DEC. 7, 2010 (Zenit.org).- Several Chinese bishops loyal to Rome have reportedly been forcibly taken to Beijing to participate in the assembly of the Patriotic Association.

According to AsiaNews, dozens of bishops were forced to the capital to participate in the assembly, where a national president of the Patriotic Association and a president of the council of Chinese bishops are to be elected.

The Catholic Patriotic Association is the body through which the Chinese government recognizes religious personnel and registers places of worship. Religious practice is only permitted in China with the oversight of the association.

This explains the difference between the "national" or "official" church, and the faithful who oppose such control and who wish to obey the Pope directly. The latter constitute the non-official, or underground, Church.

AsiaNews reported that various underground bishops claimed illness to avoid attending the assembly. Others are in Beijing, but refusing to concelebrate Masses with official bishops. Still others were physically forced to attend.

Bishop Feng Xinmao of Hengshui was taken by police officers despite members of the faithful and priests who tried to shield him, AsiaNews reported. One parishioner was injured in the exchange. Once in custody, the bishop was kept in isolation and taken Monday to Beijing for the meeting.

UCANews estimates that some 40 bishops and about 300 priests, religious and laity are attending the meeting.

Growing colder

Forcing underground bishops to attend the Beijing meeting shows China taking another step to distance itself from the Vatican.

In late November, the nation took a turn against normalized relations by ordaining a bishop without pontifical mandate.

Kamis, 22 Oktober 2009

Uskup Agung Anglikan Menyambut Baik Solusi Benediktus XVI

Anglican Archbishop: Our Prayers Have Been Answered
Welcomes Pope's Offer of Personal Ordinariates

BLACKWOOD, South Australia, OCT. 20, 2009 (Zenit.org).- The prayers of Anglicans wishing to enter into full communion with the Catholic Church have been more than answered today, according to the primate of the Traditional Anglican Communion.

Archbishop John Hepworth said this today in a statement that responded to the Vatican announcement that Benedict XVI would allow Anglicans to enter full communion with the Catholic Church while preserving elements of the Anglican spiritual and liturgical tradition.

This policy has been established in a forthcoming apostolic constitution, and it responds to requests from Anglicans who have expressed wishes to become Catholic, particularly as the Anglican Tradition continues to take steps toward opening their priesthood and episcopate to women and active homosexuals, and blessing same-sex unions.

Between 20 and 30 Anglican bishops have made such a request.

The constitution was announced at a press conference at the Vatican today, offered by Cardinal William Levada, prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

Hepworth, who also heads the Diocese of Australia in the Anglican Catholic Church in Australia, said that the Traditional Anglican Communion is "profoundly moved by the generosity of the Holy Father, Pope Benedict XVI."

Dedicated to unity

"He offers in this Apostolic Constitution the means for 'former Anglicans to enter into the fullness of communion with the Catholic Church,'" Hepworth explains. "He hopes that we can 'find in this canonical structure the opportunity to preserve those Anglican traditions precious to us and consistent with the Catholic faith.'

"He then warmly states 'we are happy that these men and women bring with them their particular contributions to our common life of faith.'"

"May I firstly state that this is an act of great goodness on the part of the Holy Father," continued Hepworth. "He has dedicated his pontificate to the cause of unity."

"It more than matches the dreams we dared to include in our petition of two years ago," he added. "It more than matches our prayers.

"In those two years, we have become very conscious of the prayers of our friends in the Catholic Church. Perhaps their prayers dared to ask even more than ours."

The archbishop said he would take the offer of the Holy See to each of the national synods of the Traditional Anglican Communion.

"Now the Holy See challenges us to seek in the specific structures that are now available the "full, visible unity, especially Eucharistic communion," for which we have long prayed and about which we have long dreamed. That process will begin at once," he affirmed.

Noting that the Anglican Office of Morning Prayer included the Hymn of Thanksgiving, the Te Deum, Hepworth added: "It is with heartfelt thanks to Almighty God, the Lord and Source of all peace and unity, that the hymn is on our lips today.

"This is a moment of grace, perhaps even a moment of history, not because the past is undone, but because the past is transformed."

Benediktus XVI Buka Jalan Bagi Anglikan Masuk ke Gereja Katolik

Pope Paves Way for Anglicans to Enter Church
Apostolic Constitution to Establish "Personal Ordinariates"

VATICAN CITY, OCT. 20, 2009 (Zenit.org).- Groups of Anglicans will now be able to enter full communion with the Catholic Church while preserving elements of the Anglican spiritual and liturgical tradition.

This policy has been established in a forthcoming apostolic constitution the Vatican announced today.

It responds to requests from Anglicans who have expressed wishes to become Catholic, particularly as the Anglican Tradition continues to take steps toward opening their priesthood and episcopate to women and active homosexuals, and blessing same-sex unions.

Between 20 and 30 Anglican bishops have made such a request.

The constitution was announced at a press conference at the Vatican today, offered by Cardinal William Levada, prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

A statement from the congregation explained that with the apostolic constitution, "the Holy Father has introduced a canonical structure that provides for such corporate reunion by establishing Personal Ordinariates, which will allow former Anglicans to enter full communion with the Catholic Church while preserving elements of the distinctive Anglican spiritual and liturgical patrimony."

These groups of Anglicans will be overseen and guided through the personal ordinariate, the leader of which will normally be chosen from among former Anglican clergy.

Married priests

The statement from the Vatican explained that the constitution "provides for the ordination as Catholic priests of married former Anglican clergy."

It clarified that "historical and ecumenical reasons preclude the ordination of married men as bishops in both the Catholic and Orthodox Churches."

Thus, the apostolic constitution stipulates that the leader of the personal ordinariate be "either a priest or an unmarried bishop."

As to future priests, the statement explained: "The seminarians in the ordinariate are to be prepared alongside other Catholic seminarians, though the ordinariate may establish a house of formation to address the particular needs of formation in the Anglican patrimony. In this way, the apostolic constitution seeks to balance on the one hand the concern to preserve the worthy Anglican liturgical and spiritual patrimony and, on the other hand, the concern that these groups and their clergy will be integrated into the Catholic Church."

Worldwide

The Vatican statement said the apostolic constitution provides a "reasonable and even necessary response" to what it called a "worldwide phenomenon."

It offers a "single canonical model for the universal Church which is adaptable to various local situations and equitable to former Anglicans in its universal application."

The profile of a "personal ordinariate" is similar in some ways to that of a personal prelature (Opus Dei is the only personal prelature right now) or the military ordinates, wherein a bishop has ecclesiastical authority over people of the armed forces and their families, regardless of their geographical location.

Many individual Anglicans have already entered into full communion with the Catholic Church.

Sometimes there have been groups of Anglicans who have entered while preserving some "corporate" structure, the Vatican statement noted, offering the example of an Anglican diocese in India and some parishes in the United States.

"In these cases, the Catholic Church has frequently dispensed from the requirement of celibacy to allow those married Anglican clergy who desire to continue ministerial service as Catholic priests to be ordained in the Catholic Church," the statement explained.

Enriched

According to Cardinal Levada: "It is the hope of the Holy Father, Pope Benedict XVI, that the Anglican clergy and faithful who desire union with the Catholic Church will find in this canonical structure the opportunity to preserve those Anglican traditions precious to them and consistent with the Catholic faith.

"Insofar as these traditions express in a distinctive way the faith that is held in common, they are a gift to be shared in the wider Church. The unity of the Church does not require a uniformity that ignores cultural diversity, as the history of Christianity shows. [...]

"Our communion is therefore strengthened by such legitimate diversity, and so we are happy that these men and women bring with them their particular contributions to our common life of faith."

--- --- ---

On ZENIT's Web page:

Full text of Vatican statement: www.zenit.org/article-27268?l=english

Rabu, 23 September 2009

Akankah "Roma Ketiga" Bersatu Dengan "Roma Pertama"?


Will the "Third Rome" Reunite With the "First Rome"?
Recent Meeting Could Mark Turning Point

By Robert Moynihan

WASHINGTON, D.C., SEPT. 21, 2009 (Zenit.org)- Sometimes there are no fireworks. Turning points can pass in silence, almost unobserved. 

It may be that way with the "Great Schism," the most serious division in the history of the Church. The end of the schism may come more quickly and more unexpectedly than most imagine.

On Sept. 18, inside Castel Gandolfo, the Pope's summer palace about 30 miles outside Rome, a Russian Orthodox Archbishop named Hilarion Alfeyev, 43 (a scholar, theologian, expert on the liturgy, composer and lover of music), met with Benedict XVI, 82 (also a scholar, theologian, expert on the liturgy and lover of music), for almost two hours, according to informed sources. (There are as yet no "official" sources about this meeting -- the Holy See has still not released an official communiqué about the meeting.)

The silence suggests that what transpired was important -- perhaps so important that the Holy See thinks it isn't yet prudent to reveal publicly what was discussed.

But there are numerous "signs" that the meeting was remarkably harmonious.

If so, this Sept. 18 meeting may have marked a turning point in relations between the "Third Rome" (Moscow) and the "First Rome" (Rome) -- divided since 1054.

Archbishop Hilarion was in Rome for five days last week as the representative of the new Russian Orthodox Patriarch Kirill of Moscow.

One key person Archbishop Hilarion met with was Cardinal Walter Kasper. On Sept. 17, the cardinal told Vatican Radio that he and Archbishop Hilarion had a "very calm conversation."

Cardinal Kasper also revealed something astonishing: that he had suggested to the archbishop that the Orthodox Churches form some kind of "bishops' conference at the European level" that would constitute a "direct partner of cooperation" in future meetings. 

This would be a revolutionary step in the organization of the Orthodox Churches.
Papal-Patriarch encounter?
Cardinal Kasper said a Pope-Patriarch meeting was not on the immediate agenda, and would probably not take place in Moscow or Rome, but in some "neutral" place (Hungary, Austria and Belarus are possibilities).

Archbishop Hilarion himself revealed much about how his Rome visit was proceeding when he met on the evening of Sept. 17 (before his meeting with the Pope) with the Community of Sant'Egidio, an Italian Catholic group known for its work with the poor in Rome.

"We live in a de-Christianized world, in a time that some define -- mistakenly -- as post-Christian," Archbishop Hilarion said. "Contemporary society, with its practical materialism and moral relativism, is a challenge to us all. The future of humanity depends on our response… More than ever before, we Christians must stand together."

A report from Interfax, the news service of the Moscow Patriarchate, on Sept. 18 revealed that Archbishop Hilarion spoke to the Pope about "cooperation between the Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches in the area of moral values and of culture" -- in particular during the "Days of Russian Spiritual Culture," a type of exhibit with lectures scheduled for spring 2010 in Rome. (One might imagine that the Pope himself could attend such an exhibition).

In memory of the visit, Archbishop Hilarion gave the Pope a pectoral cross, made in workshops of Russian Orthodox Church, the report said, Interfax reported.

Today, an Interfax report supplied details of Hilarion's remarks this morning in the catacombs of St. Callixtus.

"Denied by the world, far from human eyes, deep under ground in caves, the first Roman Christians performed the feat of prayer," Hilarion said. "Their life brought the fruit of holiness and martyr heroism. The Holy Church was built on their blood shed for Christ."

Then the Church came out of the catacombs, but Christian unity was lost, the archbishop said. 

Archbishop Hilarion said that human sin is the cause of all divisions, while Christian unity can be restored only in the way of sanctity.

"Each of us, conscientiously fulfilling a task the Church has given him or her, is called to personally contribute to the treasury of Christian sanctity and work to achieve God-commanded Christian unity," the archbishop said.

A second Interfax report today added further information about the meeting with the Pope.

Growing influence

"During a talk with Pope Benedict XVI, Archbishop Hilarion of Volokolamsk pointed out the status of Orthodox believers in Western Ukraine where three Orthodox dioceses had been almost eliminated as a result of coercive actions of Greek Catholics in late 1980s and early 1990s," Interfax reported.

Archbishop Hilarion "stated the need to take practical steps to improve the situation in Western Ukraine," within the territories of Lvov, Ternopol and Invano-Frankovsk Dioceses, the report said.

Meanwhile, in Russia itself, the influence of the Russian Orthodox Church, headed by Patriarch Kirill, seems to be growing, though not without opposition.
 
The rise in Russia of Kirill and his increasing influence in legislative matters seems to be arousing opposition from the "siloviki," forces connected with the old KGB. 

In an article in the current issue of Argumenty Nedeli, Andrey Uglanov says that Kirill's extraordinary activity has attracted attention from some who do not like to have their positions questioned, let alone challenged. And that has become Kirill's "big problem." 

These "siloviki," Uglanov says, have been offended by Kirill's "anti-Stalinist and anti-Bolshevik actions," including his appearance at the Solovetsky stone in Moscow's Lubyanka Square on the very Day of the Memory of the Victims of Political Repression.
      
In this context, Hilarion's visit to Rome takes on even more importance. 

The Russian Orthodox Church is a power in Russia, but it faces opposition and needs allies.

What is occurring in Hilarion's visit to Rome, then, may have ramifications not only for the overcoming of the "Great Schism," but also for the cultural, religious and political future of Russia, and of Europe as a whole.
 
It is especially significant, in this context, that Hilarion, Kirill's "Foreign Minister," has some of the same deep interests as Benedict XVI: the liturgy, and music.

"As a 15-year-old boy I first entered the sanctuary of the Lord, the Holy of Holies of the Orthodox Church,” Hilarion once wrote about the Orthodox liturgy. “But it was only after my entrance into the altar that the 'theourgia,' the mystery, and 'feast of faith' began, which continues to this very day. 

"After my ordination, I saw my destiny and main calling in serving the Divine Liturgy. Indeed, everything else, such as sermons, pastoral care and theological scholarship were centered around the main focal point of my life -- the liturgy."
Liturgy

These words seem to echo the feelings and experiences of Benedict XVI, who has written that the liturgies of Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday in Bavaria when he was a child were formative for his entire being, and that his writing on the liturgy (one of his books is entitled "Feast of Faith") is the most important to him of all his scholarly endeavors.

"Orthodox divine services are a priceless treasure that we must carefully guard," Hilarion has written. "I have had the opportunity to be present at both Protestant and Catholic services, which were, with rare exceptions, quite disappointing… Since the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council, services in some Catholic churches have become little different from Protestant ones."

Again, these words of Hilarion seem to echo Benedict XVI's own concerns. The Pope has made it clear that he wishes to reform the Catholic Church's liturgy, and preserve what was contained in the old liturgy and now risks being lost.

Hilarion has cited the Orthodox St. John of Kronstadt approvingly. St. John of Kronstadt wrote: "The Church and its divine services are an embodiment and realization of everything in Christianity... It is the divine wisdom, accessible to simple, loving hearts."

These words echo words written by Cardinal Ratzinger, now Benedict XVI, who often said that the liturgy is a "school" for the simple Christian, imparting the deep truths of the faith even to the unlearned through its prayers, gestures and hymns.

Hilarion in recent years has become known for his musical compositions, especially for Christmas and for Good Friday, celebrating the birth and the Passion of Jesus Christ. These works have been performed in Moscow and in the West, in Rome in March 2007 and in Washington DC in December 2007.

Closer relations between Rome and Moscow, then, could have profound implications also for the cultural and liturgical life of the Church in the West. There could be a renewal of Christian art and culture, as well as of faith.

All of this was at stake in the quiet meeting between Archbishop Hilarion and Benedict XVI on Friday afternoon, in the castle overlooking Lake Albano.

Uskup Agung Rusia Hilarion Alfeyev Kunjungi Paus di Roma


Russian Orthodox Official: Time for Solidarity
Visits Pope and Ecumenism Council President in the Vatican

ROME, SEPT. 21, 2009 (Zenit.org).- Russian Orthodox Archbishop Hilarion Alfeyev says there are so many reasons for Catholics and Orthodox to cooperate in our de-Christianized world that it is time to move past divisions and competition and exist in solidarity and mutual love.

The archbishop affirmed this after he met in the Vatican on Friday with Benedict XVI and on Thursday with Cardinal Walter Kasper, president of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity. The cardinal invited the archbishop, who since March has been the chairman of the Department of External Affairs of the Moscow Patriarchate. 

Archbishop Alfeyev was already well-known at the Vatican, having previously been the Russian Orthodox Church's representative to the European Institutions in Brussels. He is also an accomplished composer, using his music to bring East and West together. His interpretation of St. Matthew's account of the Passion was performed at the Vatican before Easter in 2007; his Christmas oratorio premiered that year at a Catholic Church in Washington, D.C..

With his new role in the Russian Orthodox Church, the archbishop met with the Pope on Friday, later telling a group of journalists that he hopes the Holy Father and Patriarch Kirill will be able to meet soon.

"We support the Pope in his commitment to the defense of Christian values" he said. "We also support him when his courageous declarations arouse negative reactions on the part of politicians or public figures or they are criticized and sometimes misrepresented by some in the mass media."

"We believe that he has the duty to witness to the truth and we are therefore with him even when his word encounters opposition," the archbishop affirmed.

"Personally, I hope that sooner or later the meeting that many are awaiting between the Pope and the patriarch of Moscow will take place. I can say with responsibility that on both sides there is the desire to prepare such a meeting with great care," he said.

This meeting, Archbishop Alfeyev acknowledged, would represent a major step forward in relations between Catholics and Orthodox.

Much to do

The Orthodox prelate re-emphasized that at present there are enormous possibilities for cooperation between the two Churches.

Before us, he said, there opens the vast expanse of "today’s de-Christianized world."

"All Christians, and especially we Orthodox and Catholics, can and must respond together to these challenges," the archbishop affirmed. "Together we can propose to the world the spiritual and moral values of the Christian faith. Together we can offer our Christian vision of the family [and] affirm our concept of social justice, of a commitment to protect the environment [and] to defend human life and its dignity."

The Church "is not a supermarket of the spirit," he continued; the Church "makes life fuller, more human and divine."

The archbishop then expressed his hope that the relationship between Catholics and Orthodox develops more intensely and that the problems that remain between the two traditions be soon overcome. 

He further pointed out that the patriarch of Moscow would like to open a new page in relations between the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, pursuing an open and sincere dialogue.

Constructive ties

The archbishop was on his first visit to Rome since his appointment to the external affairs office. 

Cardinal Kasper spoke to Vatican Radio after his meeting with the Orthodox representative, affirming that "the meeting reflected the new situation between the Catholic Church and the Patriarchate of Moscow: We have overcome all the tensions that existed in past years and at present we have a normal relationship, tranquil and even positive, constructive."
 
"From the beginning, Hilarion expressed his high esteem for Pope Benedict XVI, who is much appreciated in the Russian Orthodox Church; later we spoke of our relations, especially the theological dialogue that will take place in Cyprus in the coming weeks," the cardinal explained.
 
The International Mixed Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church as a whole will meet next month for its 11th plenary session. The Church leaders will examine a draft document outlined during a 2008 meeting in Crete. At present, the commission is reflecting on the role of the Bishop of Rome in the communion of the Church in the first millennium -- before the Great Schism of 1054.

This was the topic of discussion during the 10th plenary assembly of the Mixed Commission which, in 2007, brought together 30 Catholic delegates and 30 Orthodox to reflect on the ecclesiological and canonical consequences of the sacramental nature of the Church.

During the Ravenna meeting, the delegation of the Patriarchate of Moscow decided to withdraw because of conflict among the various members of the Orthodox delegation.

Cardinal Kasper explained that that situation has been resolved: "Now [the Russian Orthodox] wish to return to dialogue; they have overcome these tensions between Moscow and Constantinople on the case of Estonia, and wish to collaborate normally."

He continued: "[W]e also spoke about our bilateral relations: By way of example, a concert they wish to have here in Rome; I suggested, [in turn] that we might also have an exhibition in Moscow.
 
"We have spoken of the exchange of priests, of theologians and of all that which might help to improve relations and also to overcome the prejudices and resistance that exist in Russia against the Catholic Church and ecumenism; however, little by little, we can also overcome this."
 
"Both sides are determined to go forward," Cardinal Kasper affirmed, admitting that "for the moment, a papal visit to Moscow is not on the agenda," though "they do not reject a meeting with the Pope."

Beginning to love
 
On Sept. 17, Archbishop Alfeyev attended afternoon prayer with the Sant'Egidio Community, in the Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere, addressing a greeting to those present.
 
On that occasion, thanking the members of the community for their "contribution to dialogue" and their commitment to the poor and the neediest, he spoke of the common challenge represented by "a de-Christianized world," dominated by "consumerism, hedonism, practical materialism and moral relativism."
 
"Only united will we be able to propose to the world the spiritual and moral values of the Christian faith; together we will be able to offer our Christian vision of the family, of procreation, of a human love made not only for pleasure; to affirm our concept of social justice, of a more equitable distribution of goods, of a commitment to safeguarding the environment, for the defense of human life and its dignity," said the Orthodox prelate.
 
"Therefore, the time has come to move from a failure to meet and competition, to solidarity, mutual respect and esteem; I would even say, without a doubt, that we must move to mutual love," he stressed. "Our Christian preaching can have effect, can be convincing also in our contemporary world, if we are able to live this mutual love between us, Christians."

Selasa, 22 September 2009

Tujuh Patriak Katolik Timur Bertemu Paus Benediktus XVI

VATICAN CITY, SEPT. 18, 2009 (Zenit.org).- Tujuh Patriak Katolik Timur akan bertemu dengan Benediktus XVI pada hari Sabtu (19/09/09) untuk berbicara tentang hubungan Katolik Timur dengan Islam dan isu-isu lain yang mempengaruhi Gereja-gereja Katolik Timur di wilayah tersebut.

Menurut Radio Vatikan, topik diskusi lain yang akan dibicarakan adalah peningkatan fundamentalisme di Timur Tengah dan situasi yang dihadapi oleh umat Kristen di sana, begitu juga masalah pentingnya dialog dengan kaum Muslim, kemudian tentang legislasi Patriak Katolik Timur dalam Gereja Universal serta yurisdiksi eklesial di Kuwait dan negara-negara di wilayah Teluk Persia.

Delegasi para Patriak tersebut terdiri dari Patriak Maronite, Nasrallah Sfeir; Patriak Katolik Armenia, Nerses Bedros XIX; Patriak Siro-Katolik, Ignace Youssef III Younan; Patriak Melkite, Gregory III; Patriak Kaldean, Emmanuel III Delly; Patriak Latin di Yerusalem, Fouad Twal; dan Patriak Koptik, Antonios Nagib.

Menghadapi isu negara-negara Teluk, para Patriak tersebut akan mendiskusikan dengan Bapa Suci dinamika perubahan Gereja-gereja di negara-negara tersebut sehubungan dengan ribuan orang-orang Kristen yang beremigrasi keluar dari wilayah tersebut.

Menurut kantor berita AsiaNews, selama keberadaan mereka di Roma, para Patriak tersebut akan menghadiri pertemuan pendahuluan untuk sinode para Uskup yang akan bersidang khusus membahas isu di Timur Tengah yang akan diadakan tahun depan.

*) Diterjemahkan oleh Leonard T. Panjaitan dari judul asli: Eastern Catholic Patriarchs to Meet With Pope

Sabtu, 12 September 2009

Pengentasan Kemiskinan: Kaukus Gabungan Kristen dan Muslim

Ending Poverty: a Joint Muslim-Christian Cause
Vatican's Message for End of Ramadan Invites Cooperation

VATICAN CITY, SEPT. 11, 2009 (Zenit.org).- Muslims and Christians should be united in overcoming poverty, since impoverishment is something addressed in precepts held dear by people of both faiths, according to the Holy See.

In a message released today for the end of the month of Ramadan, the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue encouraged Muslims and Christians to unite in this common goal.

The message was signed by Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Archbishop Pier Celata, president and secretary of the council, respectively.

"We all know that poverty has the power to humiliate and to engender intolerable sufferings; it is often a source of isolation, anger, even hatred and the desire for revenge," the Vatican document observed.

The statement goes on to assert that poverty "can provoke hostile actions using any available means, even seeking to justify them on religious grounds, or seizing another man’s wealth, together with his peace and security, in the name of an alleged 'divine justice.'"

This is what makes "tackling poverty" a necessity in confronting "the phenomena of extremism and violence," the message affirmed.

Embrace and combat

The pontifical council document referenced Benedict XVI's message for this year's World Day of Peace in affirming that there is a poverty to be rejected and a poverty to be embraced.

"The poverty to be combated is before the eyes of everyone," the message explained: "hunger, lack of clean water, limited medical care and inadequate shelter, insufficient educational and cultural systems, illiteracy, not to mention also the existence of new forms of poverty [...] marginalization, as well as affective, moral and spiritual poverty."

But the poverty that should be embraced, the statement noted, involves a "style of life which is simple and essential, avoiding waste and respecting the environment and the goodness of creation."

"This poverty can also be, at least at certain times during the year, that of frugality and fasting," the message added. "It is the poverty which we choose which predisposes us to go beyond ourselves, expanding the heart."

In this context, Cardinal Tauran and Archbishop Celata conclude by expressing an invitation: "The poor question us, they challenge us, but above all they invite us to cooperate in a noble cause: overcoming poverty!"

Senin, 17 Agustus 2009

Frequently asked questions about the date of Easter

Q. Why isn't Easter on the same date every year - like Christmas, for instance?

A. The short answer is that in the 4th century it was decided that Easter would fall after the first full moon following the vernal or spring equinox. (The equinox is a day in the year on which daytime and night-time are of equal length. This happens twice a year, once in spring and once in autumn.)

A more detailed answer would be this:

We know from the New Testament that Jesus' death and resurrection happened around the time of the Jewish feast of Passover. According to Matthew, Mark and Luke's Gospels, the last meal Jesus shared with his disciples was a Passover meal, while John's Gospel says that Jesus died on the feast of Passover itself. In those days, the Jews celebrated Passover on the "14th day of the first month" in accordance with the Bible's commands (see Lev. 23:5, Num. 28:16, Josh. 5:11). The months of the Jewish calendar each began at new moon, so the 14th day would be the day of the full moon. The first month, Nisan, was the month that began from the spring new moon. In other words, the Passover was celebrated on the first full moon following the vernal equinox and was therefore a movable feast.

Early sources tell us that this very soon led to Christians in different parts of the world celebrating Easter on different dates. As early as the end of the 2nd century, some churches were celebrating Easter on the day of Passover itself, whether it was a Sunday or not, while others would celebrate it on the Sunday that followed it. By the end of the 4th century there were four different methods of calculating the date of Easter. In the year 325, the Council of Nicaea attempted to bring in a unified solution that would retain the link with the date of Passover as celebrated in Jesus' time. Eventually, therefore, Easter's date was established as movable.

Q. So how is the date of Easter calculated?

A. The Council of Nicaea established that the date of Easter would be the first Sunday after the full moon following the vernal equinox.

Q. Why, then, despite the universal rule laid down at Nicaea, do different parts of the Church still celebrate Christ's resurrection on different dates?

A. The first thing to remember is that, even after the Council of Nicaea, differences in the date of Easter remained, since the Council had said nothing about the methods to be used to calculate the timing of the full moon or the vernal equinox.

But the real problem behind the situation we have today arose in the 16th Century, when the Julian calendar, which had been established in 46 BC, was superseded by the Gregorian calendar. It took some time for the new calendar to be adopted by all countries (it did not happen in Greece until the start of the 20th Century!). However, the Orthodox churches still use the Julian calendar to this day to calculate the vernal equinox and the full moon that follows it. This is why they calculate a different date.

Q. Why did the Gregorian calendar reform happen at all? Was it necessary?

A. The calendar reform established by Pope Gregory XIII was necessary because the Julian calendar used in those days had begun to lag behind astronomical reality - which is to say that by the time 21 March came around on the calendar, the actual, astronomical vernal equinox had already happened.

The fundamental problem behind this is that the astronomical year - that is, the time the earth takes to make its journey round the sun - is not exactly 365 days: it's actually 365 days, five hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds. However, as the year has to be divided into equal portions for practical purposes, leap years have to be introduced to resolve the problem.

Q. What's the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars?

A. The difference between the two calendars lies precisely in how they resolve this problem. The Julian calendar's solution was to add a leap day every four years, with the end result that the Julian calendar year was an average of 11 minutes and 14 seconds longer than the earth's actual journey around the sun. This meant that the astronomical facts and the calendar calculations would eventually be out by one day in every 128 years. The real equinox, for instance, would then happen one day earlier than the date given on the calendar. The Gregorian calendar attempted to correct this by shortening the average calendar year. It introduced the additional rule that, in contrast to the Julian calendar's leap-year rule, there would be no leap day in years whose number could be divided directly by 100 but not by 400. Thanks to this reduced number of leap years, the Gregorian calendar comes closer to astronomical reality - although it, too, is not "exact" - but the difference between the facts of astronomy and the calendar date is now only 26 seconds a year. It takes 3,600 years to develop a lag of one day. At present, the Julian calendar is running 13 days "slow" of the Gregorian; by the year 2100, the difference will be 14 days. This means that the vernal equinox, which is established as 21 March and on which the date of Easter depends, falls in the Julian calendar on a day which under the Gregorian calendar is 3 April.

Q. So are the two dates always two weeks apart?

A. No. The gap between the two Easters is different every year. It can be as much as five weeks. Besides the fact that the dates of the vernal equinox lie 13 days apart, we also have to consider when the full moon falls. So, if the full moon falls within the 13 days between the Gregorian and Julian equinoxes, Orthodox Easter will be later.

There's another complication here, which is that, alongside the equinox, the sun and moon have a part to play as well. Under the Julian calendar, the full moon is calculated using the so-called Metonic cycle (a 19-year cycle under which the phases of the moon fall on the same date every 19 years). However, this calculation is not astronomically accurate either, so it, too, leads to the dates shifting out of place. When this is added to the discrepancy between the Julian and Gregorian equinoxes, it can lead to a difference of up to five weeks between the Orthodox and Western dates for Easter.

The Nicaea ruling contains one other provision that is extremely important for the Orthodox churches. It states that Easter should not be celebrated "with" (Greek "meta") the Jews. Today's theologians are no longer entirely certain what was meant by this, but Orthodox Easter still cannot fall on the same day as Passover. If it does, it is postponed by a week.

Q. This year (2007), both Easters are on the same date. When does this happen?

A. The two dates coincide when the full moon following the equinox comes so late that it counts as the first full moon after 21 March in the Julian calendar as well as the Gregorian. This is not a regular occurrence, but it has happened more frequently in recent years - in 2001, 2004 and 2007. In the near future, it will also take place in 2010, 2011, 2014 and 2017, but, after that, not again until 2034.

Q. In that case, though, why do some Orthodox churches celebrate Western Christmas?

A. All churches celebrate Christmas as a fixed feast and all (apart from the Armenian church) hold it on 25 December. However, since the Russian Orthodox Church, the Serbian Orthodox Church, the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem and the Georgian Orthodox Church follow the Julian calendar, they celebrate Christmas on what, under the Gregorian calendar, is 7 January. The Greek Orthodox Church, the Bulgarian Church, the Antioch and Alexandria Patriarchates and the Romanian Orthodox Church follow the Gregorian calendar (except with respect to the calculation of Easter), and celebrate Christmas at the same time as the Western churches. Only the Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates Christmas on its original date of 6 January and the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord on the same day.

Q. Are there any efforts to bring the two Easters together?

A. Efforts have been and are still being made to achieve this. For various reasons, there were particular efforts to tackle the question at the beginning of the 20th Century. In 1902, Patriarch Joachim III of Constantinople began a discussion aimed at achieving greater unity among Christians.

The decision of the Greek Parliament to introduce the Gregorian calendar in 1923 sparked conflict between Church and State. It was not least for this reason that a pan-Orthodox congress was called in May 1923, which revised the Julian calendar to lend it greater astronomical accuracy. This calendar, known as the Meletian Calendar, is only two seconds longer than the calendar year, which means it takes 45,000 years to develop a lag of one day. Calculations are based on observations from Jerusalem rather than Greenwich. The calendar is thus the most accurate yet. However, its introduction led to divisions within the Orthodox Churches - particularly the Greek and Romanian Orthodox Churches. Since then, the issue has time and again been on the agenda of pan-Orthodox conferences.

At the same time, discussion was getting under way in secular life. The business world was seeking a simpler and more sensible method of calculating the date of Easter. In 1928, the British Parliament passed the Easter Act, calling for Easter to be held on a fixed Sunday - the Sunday following the second Saturday in April. However, the Act stipulated that this should only be introduced with the unanimous agreement of the Christian churches.

As early as 1923, the League of Nations addressed the question and forwarded the matter to the Advisory and Technical Committee for Communications and Transit, which, for its part, wanted to introduce a brand-new calendar across the globe, dividing the year into months of equal length. This would have had the effect of requiring one or two days to be included outside of the normal seven-day rhythm of the week, in order to make up for the time lacking. With regard to the date of Easter, the British solution was proposed. The Committee asked the churches' opinion, and found that the majority of Protestant churches, as represented by the Ecumenical Council for Practical Christianity, favoured a fixed date for Easter. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople replied that, although the Orthodox Church would favour a calendar that retained the continuity of the week, it would be open to a fixed date for Easter, as long at it remained a Sunday and all Christian churches were in agreement. The Roman Catholic Church's first response was that the issue could only be resolved by an ecumenical council. Some years later, however, it changed its answer to a definitive "no".

The efforts were taken over by the League of Nations' successor organization, the United Nations, but finally foundered in 1955, after the USA rejected the idea of a new calendar, fearing public opposition on religious grounds.

Nothing changed until the Second Vatican Council, whose Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy stated that the Roman Catholic Church would assent to a common date for Easter - movable or fixed - if all the churches could agree on a solution. The World Council of Churches (WCC) then took up the issue again, surveying its member churches in 1965 and 1967. It found that all the churches would be willing to celebrate Easter on the same day. However, while most Western churches preferred a fixed date, the Orthodox churches wanted a common movable date based on the Nicaea rule. In 1975, the matter was placed on the agenda of the WCC General Assembly in Nairobi, following a request to the WCC from the Roman Catholic Church for the churches to undertake something together on the issue at the General Assembly. Another survey was made of Council's member churches, which echoed the results of the first survey. It became abundantly clear at the General Assembly that a decision could only be reached by the churches themselves, not by the WCC. It was decided that, at that stage, specific proposals would not be helpful, but that work into the issue ought to continue.

Then, at their first pre-conciliar conference in 1976, the Orthodox churches moved to hold a congress as soon as possible. This took place in 1977 in Chambesy. The congress dealt primarily with the pastoral problem that abandoning the Nicaea rule would lead to divisions. This conclusion was repeated at the second pre-conciliar Orthodox conference in 1982 and the revision of the calendar postponed until such time as would, God willing, be more suitable.

The issue was not brought up again at the WCC until 1997. Two of its departments - "Worship and Spirituality" and "Faith and Order" - organized a consultation session on behalf of the executive committee in Aleppo, Syria. This resulted in a concrete proposal keep the Nicaea rule but calculate the equinox and full moon using the accurate astronomical data available today, rather than those used many years ago.

Q. Why has this solution still not been put into practice?

A. The Orthodox church is still grappling with the arguments first brought up at the so-called pre-conciliar conferences in 1977 and 1982.

The problem is that, while the use of the astronomical calculations will mean hardly any change for those churches that use the Gregorian calendar, the Orthodox churches have had painful experiences in the past with schisms resulting from calendar reforms, and are therefore very cautious about them. However, a proposal for the Western churches to move their Easter to coincide with the Orthodox date garnered just as little support.

Source:http://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-commissions/faith-and-order-commission/i-unity-the-church-and-its-mission/frequently-asked-questions-about-the-date-of-easter.html

Sabtu, 13 Juni 2009

Konstelasi Agama di Rusia: Politisi Manfaatkan SARA

Ancaman terbesar multikulturalisme Rusia bukan datang dari konflik bernuansa agama, tetapi justru dari serangan dan gelombang fasisme ultranasionalis yang marak sejak runtuhnya Soviet akhir 1980-an.

Banyak pengamat menduga, kelompok ekstremis yang jumlahnya puluhan dan anggotanya diperkirakan tak kurang dari 70.000 di seluruh Rusia sengaja dibiarkan dan dimanfaatkan oleh segelintir politisi Kremlin, termasuk Boris Yeltsin dan Vladimir Putin, untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan, kekayaan, dan pengaruhnya di Rusia. Dalam laporan Mei lalu, Komisi Amerika Serikat mengenai Kebebasan Beragama Internasional yang didukung Kongres kembali menempatkan Rusia dalam daftar watch list , bersama 10 negara lain. Termasuk, antara lain, sejumlah negara bekas Uni Soviet di Asia Tengah, seperti Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, dan Belarusia, selain juga China, Korut, dan Arab Saudi.

Salah satu argumen dimasukkannya Rusia dalam watch list adalah Pembentukan Dewan Pakar Studi Religi (Expert Religious Studies Council) oleh Kementerian Kehakiman Rusia belum lama lalu. Dewan ini dinilai memiliki wewenang berlebihan untuk menginvestigasi organisasi agama, termasuk aktivitas dan literatur- yang mereka terbitkan, karena dugaan ekstremisme.

Ketua Dewan ini, Alexander Dvorkin, dikenal sangat antisekste. Wakilnya, Roman Silantyev, pernah menulis artikel yang sangat tendensius menyerang Islam radikal, dan di antara anggotanya ada lima anggota gereja ortodoks yang sangat vokal menyerang agama Protestan. Laporan ini juga mendesak Pemerintah AS agar menekan Rusia untuk membubarkan Dewan tersebut.

”Konstitusi memang menjamin kebebasan beragama dan pemerintah secara umum menghormati ini dalam praktiknya, tetapi dalam beberapa kasus, restriksi diberlakukan pada kelompok-kelompok agama tertentu. Konstitusi juga mengatur kesetaraan semua agama di depan hukum dan pemisahan gereja dengan negara, tetapi pemerintah sendiri sering tak menjalankan ini,” demikian laporan yang diedarkan di Kedubes AS Moskwa.

Mereka juga mengkritik diskriminasi berupa larangan bagi warga Muslim untuk bergabung dalam militer, tak memberi mereka kesempatan menjalankan ibadah salat lima waktu atau pilihan menu makanan halal di lokasi kerja. Juga disoroti sentimen antisemistis dan kebencian terhadap Katolik Roma dan agama Kristen non-ortodoks.

Isi laporan memunculkan reaksi kemarahan di pihak pemerintah dan gereja ortodoks Rusia. Mereka menyebut tudingan tersebut tak berdasar. Indonesia sendiri pernah dimasukkan daftar ini bersama Azerbaijan, Belarus, Israel, Turki, Brunei, Malaysia, dan Pakistan tahun 2005.

Dimanfaatkan

Sejumlah kalangan aktivis menuduh Pemerintahan Rusia di bawah Putin dan presiden yang sekarang, Dmitry Melvedev, berada di belakang langkah para penegak hukum, terutama di wilayah selatan Rusia, yang menjadikan Muslim sebagai target tudingan sebagai pelaku aksi terorisme dan ekstremisme. Sekitar 25 juta dari 142 juta penduduk Rusia adalah Muslim. Mereka terkonsentrasi di provinsi-provinsi bagian selatan Kaukasus, termasuk Chechnya, Ingushetia, dan Dagestan; di samping juga Tatarstan dan Bashkortostan, yang berada tak jauh dari Sungai Volga.

Penempatan Muslim sebagai target penyelidikan dimulai sejak peristiwa pengepungan teater Dubrovka di Moskwa (2002) dan penyanderaan sekolah di Beslan (2004). Serangan teroris yang melibatkan Islam militan itu menewaskan sekitar 500 orang.

Aleksei Malashenko dari Program on Religion, Society and Security Carnegie Moscow Center mengungkapkan, isu perang melawan ektremisme agama dipakai sebagai alat efektif bagi pejabat untuk memperkokoh posisinya, termasuk Yeltsin dan Putin. Yeltsin memperoleh popularitas dengan meredam pemberontakan di Chechnya pertengahan 1990-an. Perang di wilayah sama 1999 mengantar Putin ke tampuk kekuasaan melalui operasi kontrateroris terhadap pemberontak Chechnya.

Sebagian jurnalis dan aktivis oposisi sudah lama mencurigai sentimen rasisme ini dipicu pihak tertentu yang diuntungkan oleh bangkitnya sentimen nasionalisme di Rusia.

Menurut Aleksei, pecahnya dua kali perang di Chechnya (1994-1996 dan 1999) dan serangkaian serangan teroris di sejumlah wilayah Rusia semakin memunculkan kebencian terhadap kaum Chechens dan etnis Kaukasus lainnya. Opini publik berkembang ke arah kebencian pada etnis Ukraina, Georgia, Polandia, dan Moldova yang dianggap ikut berperan dalam revolusi di sejumlah negara tetangga Rusia. Sikap bermusuhan juga diarahkan kepada pendatang dari Estonia, Latvia, dan Lituania sebagai balasan sikap prejudice dan diskriminasi terhadap minoritas Rusia di negara-negara Baltik tersebut. Aleksei membagi wilayah Rusia dalam kaitan dengan Islam menjadi tiga, yakni wilayah di mana Muslim merupakan mayoritas, wilayah di mana Muslim merupakan minoritas tetapi bersatu dan solid, serta wilayah di mana Muslim relatif jarang. Wilayah di mana Muslim adalah mayoritas terutama ada di Kaukasus Utara.

Untuk wilayah yang berbeda, ditempuh pendekatan berbeda pula, sesuai kepentingan pemerintahan federal. Pada era pasca-Soveit, pemerintahan Rusia di bawah Putin menuntut adanya loyalitas para pemimpin Muslim pada negara, dengan menyubordinatkan kepemimpinan Muslim di bawah kepemimpinan negara. Secara umum, di bawah sistem politik yang ada sekarang, negara bisa dikatakan berhasil dalam mempertahankan kontrol terhadap sebagian besar komunitas Muslim.

Kendati demikian, kelompok oposisi politik berbasis agama bisa dikatakan tetap tak tersentuh dan mereka terutama terkonsentrasi di Kaukasus Utara.

Tuntutan pemisahan diri juga tak pernah surut di wilayah-wilayah Kaukasus Utara ini, sejalan dengan kian meningkatnya derajat otoriterisme dalam sistem politik Rusia, kurang seriusnya reformasi ekonomi, dan kian melebarnya kesenjangan kaya-miskin. ”Sampai sekarang ini kita masih belum tahu bagaimana mengatasi masalah di Kaukasus Utara dan kawasan Muslim lain yang penduduknya kelewat padat bergantung pada pertanian dan menghadapi kemiskinan ekstrem,” ujar analis, Maksim Sokolov. (TAT)

Jumat, 12 Juni 2009 | 06:09 WIB

Source:http://cetak.kompas.com/read/xml/2009/06/12/06091949/politisi.manfaatkan.sara

Konstelasi Agama di Rusia

Di atas permukaan, hubungan antaragama-agama yang disebut sebagai agama tradisional di Rusia memang berlangsung cukup harmonis. Antara agama satu dan yang lain, bisa hidup berdampingan secara rukun dan saling menghormati (peaceful coexistence).

Dalam dialog antaragama yang diprakarsai Departemen Luar Negeri RI dan Kedutaan Besar RI di Moskwa di Wisma Duta KBRI yang dihadiri perwakilan dari semua agama di Rusia dan dari paparan pihak Dewan Mufti (semacam majelis ulama di sini) dan pimpinan gereja ortodoks Rusia, juga tertangkap keinginan kuat dari masing-masing pihak untuk bisa hidup berdampingan dan saling menghormati kebebasan beragama.

Seperti dikatakan Grand Mufti Ravil Gainutdin, masyarakat Rusia yang pluralis dan multietnis disatukan dalam satu negara Rusia dan mereka memiliki pengalaman panjang dalam mengatasi masalah-masalah bersama, yang juga membutuhkan dukungan kelompok-kelompok minoritas.

”Dalam sejarah Rusia belum pernah ada konflik yang berlangsung lama. Dari dulu sudah seperti ini, tak ada konflik agama dan kami berusaha menjaga keseimbangan,” ujarnya ketika menerima delegasi Indonesia di kantornya di Moskwa, yang kinclong bak istana dan tengah dalam proses finishing pembangunan.

Dukungan dari pemerintah bagi agama-agama yang ada pun sangat kuat, terutama untuk mendirikan masjid dan tempat beribadah. Grand Mufti yang jadi imam dari 20 juta lebih Muslim di Rusia—dua juta di antaranya di Moskwa—mengungkapkan, di Moskwa sendiri, pihaknya mendapat wakaf tiga bidang tanah untuk pembangunan tempat ibadah dan kegiatan keagamaan.

Salah satunya, lahan seluas 2,5 hektar yang di atasnya kini dibangun kantor dan masjid dengan dukungan dana dari pengusaha minyak kaya, Sulaiman Kerimov. Selain itu, pemerintah juga memfasilitasi kegiatan pengiriman calon jemaah haji, terutama urusan pabean, transportasi, dan asuransi. Dukungan serupa juga dinikmati agama-agama tradisional lainnya.

Tetapi, dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kehidupan beragama mungkin tidak seindah itu. Setidaknya demikian yang dirasakan penganut agama Kristen non-ortodoks yang mengalami diskriminasi dari kelompok ortodoks. Demikian pula bagi kelompok Muslim yang oleh pemerintah sering dicap sebagai kelompok ekstremis, terutama di daerah selatan.

Laporan lembaga aktivis keagamaan dan HAM beberapa tahun terakhir mengungkapkan banyaknya kasus kekerasan dengan target kelompok Muslim yang dianggap ikut terlibat dalam gerakan separatis dan serangan terorisme di berbagai wilayah Rusia.

Mungkin ini yang ditangkap oleh Komisi AS untuk Kebebasan Beragama Internasional, yang dalam laporan Mei 2009 kemarin kembali menempatkan Rusia dalam daftar negara yang tak menghargai kebebasan beragama (watch list). Berdasarkan data resmi terakhir, 71,8 persen dari sekitar 142 juta penduduk Rusia adalah penganut Kristen Ortodoks; 5,5 persen Islam; 1,8 persen Katolik; 0,7 persen Protestan; 0,6 persen Buddha; 0,3 persen Yahudi; 0,9 persen lain- lain/sekte; dan 18,9 persen tak beragama.

Undang-undang dan konstitusi tentang keagamaan Federasi Rusia sendiri, menurut seorang pengamat agama di Moskwa yang tak mau disebut namanya, hanya mengakui empat agama tradisional, yaitu Kristen Ortodoks, Islam, Buddha, dan Yahudi.

”Untuk Kristen, UU dan konstitusi hanya mengakui ortodoks. Ini yang menjadi persoalan karena seperti kita tahu, Kristen sendiri ada dua. Paling tidak dalam sejarah kita kenal dua agama besar, yakni Kristen Timur atau yang dikenal dengan Kristen Ortodoks dan Kristen Barat yang awalnya dipimpin oleh Vatikan,” ujar narasumber tersebut.

Setelah kejatuhan Konstantinopel jadi wilayah domain Islam di Turki (sekarang Istambul), gereja ortodoks Rusia merasa terpanggil menjadi pemimpin gereja-gereja ortodoks di seluruh dunia dan menganggap Rusia sebagai domainnya.

Sebagai agama dominan, Kristen Ortodoks sangat diuntungkan dan memiliki pengaruh kuat di masyarakat dan pemerintahan. Keterlibatan berlebihan gereja pada urusan politik dan militer banyak dikritik berbagai pihak.

Namun, keterkaitan erat gereja ortodoks dengan negara sendiri sebenarnya memiliki sejarah panjang, bukan hanya di Rusia, tetapi juga di dunia. Pada era Kekaisaran Byzantine, Kristen Ortodoks atau lebih dikenal sebagai Kristen Ortodoks Timur adalah agama resmi negara, sementara agama lain dilarang atau nyaris tak diberi ruang untuk berkembang.

Tradisi ini juga berlangsung turun-temurun dalam sejarah Rusia dan baru pada 1905 diskriminasi terhadap agama lain dihapuskan.

Sejak runtuhnya Uni Soviet, gereja ortodoks Rusia, menurut Thomas Bremer dari Eastern Churches Studies and Ecumenical Theology, Fakultas Theologi Katholik University of Munster, menghadapi situasi baru yang sama sekali berbeda dengan sebelumnya.

Setelah mengalami penindasan selama lebih dari empat dekade, kehidupan agama kembali berkembang pesat (flourished) pada era pascaperestroika. Antara agama satu dan lain saling berlomba mengembangkan ajaran dan kegiatan keagamaannya.

Tak terkecuali Kristen Ortodoks. Pada era komunis yang ateis, banyak gereja dihancurkan, ditutup atau diubah fungsi menjadi gudang pangan atau persenjataan. Setelah Uni Soviet ambruk, gereja itu dipulihkan atau dibangun kembali.

Tak sampai dua dekade setelah runtuhnya Soviet, jumlah gereja bertambah empat kali lipat dan jumlah keuskupan meningkat dua kali lipat. Jumlah kongregasi (persekutuan umat) meningkat pesat dari 6.742 tahun 1986 menjadi 27.942 pada akhir 2007 dan jumlah biara bertambah dari 32 menjadi lebih dari 700. Mereka juga merekrut puluhan ribuan pendeta baru dan sekitar 15.000 anak muda belajar teologi.

Di Moskwa, kota yang mendapat julukan kota sejuta gereja, hampir pada setiap jarak 10 meter ada satu gereja karena pada era Tsar dan setelahnya gereja menjadi penanda untuk setiap kemenangan dalam peperangan. Hal serupa juga dialami agama lain, termasuk Islam yang pada era komunis puluhan ribu masjid dihancurkan dan tinggal tersisa sekitar 30 masjid di seluruh Rusia.

Saling menguntungkan

Pada saat yang sama, gereja Kristen ortodoks juga berusaha membangun posisi kuat dalam struktur baru masyarakat Rusia pascaperestroika. Gereja ortodoks Rusia, menurut Bremer, menempatkan dirinya sebagai pengawal kepentingan publik. Posisi ini tak lantas menempatkannya sebagai oposisi pemerintah karena para pemimpin gereja meyakini pemimpin, seperti Vladimir Putin dan Dmitry Medvedev, sebagai penggantinya, juga loyal pada kepentingan ini

Sebaliknya, negara memanfaatkan gereja sebagai jaminan perekat masyarakat karena kendati dikenal bukan sebagai masyarakat religius, sebagian besar masyarakat masih percaya kepada gereja dan menganggap gereja sebagai saluran efektif komunikasi nilai-nilai moral dan kekuatan penyatu kebersamaan intrinsik bagi bangsa Rusia.

Di sini terjadi hubungan saling menguntungkan antara gereja ortodoks dan negara. Bagai para politisi sendiri, kedekatan dengan gereja dibutuhkan untuk kepentingan pencitraan moral (moral force) dan menggaet simpati publik laiknya motif para politisi di sini yang merasa perlu sowan untuk mendapatkan restu dari para ulama.

Namun, sebagaimana halnya pada agama lain, di kalangan pengurus gereja ortodoks sendiri, ada unsur garis keras atau radikal dan ada yang cenderung liberal. Dari kelompok radikal inilah terutama muncul keinginan kuat untuk mengembalikan status Kristen Ortodoks ke kejayaan masa lalu sebagai agama resmi negara dan mengembalikan negara pada dasar-dasar ajaran ortodoks.

Bagi sebagian besar pengikutnya, terutama garis keras, Kristen Ortodoks bukan sekadar agama, tetapi juga identitas bangsa. Mereka meyakini munculnya agama baru, terutama Kristen di luar ortodoks, sebagai bentuk ekspansi agama lain dan konspirasi negara-negara Barat yang menggunakan agama- agama tersebut untuk menghancurkan dan merongrong Rusia serta melemahkan posisi gereja ortodoks Rusia.

UU tentang Keagamaan tahun 1997 yang menggantikan UU tahun 1990 yang lebih liberal jelas-jelas dimaksudkan melindungi posisi agama-agama tradisional ini.

Dalam UU ini, agama di luar empat agama tradisional tidak dilarang, tetapi juga tak dibiarkan berkembang karena dianggap sebagai bentuk ekspansi pengaruh dan infiltrasi Barat atas Rusia. Hal ini yang menyebabkan mengapa agama Kristen Non-ortodoks, Katolik, atau Protestan relatif tak berkembang pascaperestroika.

Selain karena menganggap Rusia sebagai domain Kristen Ortodoks, sikap defensif dan agresif gereja ortodoks terhadap agama Kristen Non-ortodoks ini, menurut pengamat agama yang tak mau disebut namanya, juga dilatari pengalaman sejarah.

”Ada semacam luka sejarah yang terjadi dalam tubuh gereja ortodoks terkait gereja ortodoks Ukraina yang setelah Glasnot dan Perestroika berubah menjadi gereja katolik Ukraina. Insiden ini sangat sulit diterima oleh gereja ortodoks sehingga para patriach Moskwa sampai dengan saat ini belum bersedia bertemu dengan Paus dari Roma,” ujarnya.

Sikap berbeda ditunjukkan pada agama-agama tradisional lain yang sudah eksis ratusan tahun di Rusia, termasuk Islam. Gereja Ortodoks menerima baik keberadaan Islam, Buddha, dan Yahudi yang sudah berakar kuat dalam kehidupan beragama di Rusia. Keberadaan agama-agama itu sendiri bagian dari konsekuensi wilayah Rusia yang sangat luas dan berbatasan dengan banyak negara sehingga sulit dilepaskan dari pengaruh kuat dari luar, seperti Turki atau Irak untuk Islam dan China untuk Buddha.

Gainutdin mengatakan, sejarah Islam bukan baru dimulai sejak reformasi. Di Moskwa sendiri, masjid sudah ada sejak tahun 1816. Perkembangan Islam di Rusia sendiri sangat beragam karena selain kelompok Sunni, kelompok Syiah juga berkembang di wilayah-wilayah yang berdekatan dengan Irak.

Soal adanya diskriminasi dan represi pemerintahan federal dan lokal terhadap kelompok-kelompok Muslim tertentu, pengamat tersebut mengatakan, memang ada beberapa kantong wilayah di Rusia yang punya potensi radikalisme, seperti Chechnya dan Dagestan.

”Tetapi, kalau kita lihat, masalah wilayah-wilayah itu lebih banyak bukan pada ajaran agama, tetapi lebih pada keinginan untuk memerdekakan diri. Jadi, mungkin mereka menggunakan itu untuk menarik dukungan publik,” ujarnya.

(Sri Hartati Samhadi)

Jumat, 12 Juni 2009 | 06:10 WIB

Source:http://cetak.kompas.com/read/xml/2009/06/12/06104288/konstelasi.agama.di.rusia

Senin, 20 April 2009

Amanat Hidup Sejati Dalam Allah: Dari Timur akan Muncul Tunas Persatuan Gereja

Buku Catatan No: 78


Amanat disampaikan Yesus kepada Vassula Ryden tanggal 28.4.95


Vassula, Teman-Ku, biarkan Aku bernyanyi bagimu, madah yang ada di dalam Hati-Ku! Tulislah: Oh, umat­Ku, teman-teman-Ku, saudara-Ku, Tuhan kalian akan datang dan beristi­rahat di dalam hati kalian. Kalian akan diperbaharui di hadapan Keha­diran-Ku sebab Aku bertekad untuk mengelilingi kalian dengan semua lagu pembebasan. Aku bertekad untuk menghimpun semua bangsa di bumi dan memberi pengajaran kepada mereka.


Madah Baru-Ku ditulis begitu rupa sehingga akan menghormati Nama­Ku. Belumkah kalian mendengar bahwa niat-Ku adalah: Keselamatan bagi umat manusia? Rencana-Ku tetap baik untuk selama-Iamanya dan niat Hati-Ku tetap dari zaman ke zaman.


Dengarkanlah, hai Rumah dari Timur! Jangan tetap tuli terhadap seruan-se­ruan-Ku! Engkau menantikan Kekua­saan-Ku, Rumah dari Timur yang terkasih, untuk turun dari surga ter­tinggi untuk menyelamatkan engkau, dan sekarang Aku berkata kepadamu: hari demi hari engkau akan tumbuh, sebab, coba lihat, dari tanahmu akan tumbuh suatu Tunas harapan, tunas kebenaran dan kedamaian sempurna, dan penghuni Rumah ini akan menye­barkan kedamaian ke mana-mana.

Putri dari Rumah Timur, maklum­kanlah ini dengan seruan sukacita.


Pergilah, dan maklumkanlah Sabda­-sabda-Ku. Katakanlah:


"Tuhan sedang datang dari kediaman-Nya yang kudus untuk menghibur umat-Nya dan mengkonsolidasikan Gereja-Nya".


Pada hari ini, Mata-Ku tertuju pada seseorang yang beritikad baik dan mahkota itu akan diberikan ke­padanya. Dialah, yang akan bertunas dari Pinggir Sungai di Timur, yang akan memuliakan Aku.… Dan para malaikat-Ku akan turun dengan per­lengkapan kerajaan di tangan mereka, dan akan menghiasi dia bagi takhta itu sebagai penguasa.


Ah, Vassula! Menarilah dan berteriak­lah kegirangan sebab hari ini begitu dekat. Aku sudah mengambil langkah di sini dan kini siap membawa hari perayaan[1] ini kepada kalian, agar segala ketidakberuntungan di masa lalu akan digantikan oleh sukacita. Hai, Rumah Tradisi, belumkah engkau men­dengar! Belumkah engkau mengerti bahwa dari Rumahmu Aku akan dimu­liakan tiga kali? Belumkah engkau mendengar bahwa Aku telah men­ganugerahi Tunasmu dengan berkat surgawi? Seperti engkau dulu pernah merupakan kutukan di antara banyak bangsa, begitu pula Aku bermaksud mengangkat engkau menjadi pengoles, penyembuh bagi Rumah-Ku di sebelah Barat dan menjadi berkat bagi bangsa-­bangsa.


Hai, Rumah dari Timur! Tunas yang gemilang sedang tumbuh kembang un­tuk mengangkat Rumah-Ku menjadi satu. Bibir-Ku gemetar dengan emosi dan Hati-Ku menyanyi bagi yang diu­rapi....Dan lembah kesuraman akan mengaum dengan kemarahan men­dengar bunyi langkah kakinya, sebab Rumah-Ku akan satu. Rumah di sebelah Barat dan Timur akan hidup sebagai satu sebab Nama-Ku akan menjadi ikatan mereka, menyelimuti mereka dalam kedamaian sempurna, integritas dan kasih. Nama Baru­Ku akan menjadi tanda kerajaan di antara kedua Rumah ini. Hal ini akan terjadi segera dan dalam waktumu..


Maka, janganlah berkata, "Sekali lagi Tuhan menentukan Waktu-Nya Sendiri". Aku telah berkata kepada kalian, demi kasih-Ku kepada kalian, bahwa Aku telah memutuskan untuk mempercepat Rencana-Ku. Aku bermaksud menginjak Musuh-Ku[2] bersama Pasukan-Ku dan menginjak kedua Binatang[3] lebih cepat dari yang direncanakan!

Mari dan belajarlah: para pemimpin kehancuran tidak lain daripada tiga roh iblis[4] yang membentuk segitiga. Masing-masing menempati satu sudut, yang akan memimpin seluruh dunia ke dalam dunia licik mereka. Mabuk dengan darah para kudus dan semua yang telah menjadi saksi Keilahian­Ku, tidakkah engkau melihatnya?

Untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan kehancuran mereka dan memahko­tainya dengan sukses, mereka harus menghilangkan Kursi Petrus dan dia yang mendudukinya. Tujuan mereka adalah untuk menghancurkan Gereja­Ku......Tetapi, jangan takut, Aku telah berjanji bahwa pintu dunia gelap tidak mampu bertahan terhadapnya[5]. Ya, ini yang sedang terjadi sekarang. Para pemimpin kehancuran, yang berkilauan dalam gelar akademis adalah licik, dan bau busuk mereka kini telah menutupi seluruh dunia.

Merekalah yang disebut dalam Kitab Suci sebagai yang mampu melakukan keajaiban[6], menggoda, dengan ke­mampuan mereka, kesepuluh menara dunia dan dari situ semua bangsa di bumi ini. Semua terpukau oleh mantra mereka ... Begitu pasukan mereka lengkap, mereka akan mengangkat tanda perlengkapan mereka[7], dan bersama dengan kekuatan ketiga roh licik tadi mereka akan bergabung untuk berperang melawan Kurban Kekal-Ku. Inilah yang disebut di dalam Kitab Suci sebagai: 'Perang Hari Besar Allah Mahakuasa[8] ... '

Pada kenyataannya, saat kejahatan dahsyat dan kemelut besar ini sudah datang pada kalian, tetapi Aku akan mengalahkan mereka, sebab Aku adalah Tuhan segala tuhan dan Raja segala raja. Dan Surga bersama semua para kudus, murid dan nabi akan merayakan keruntuhan mereka[9]. Aku akan tampil di atas kuda putih, sebagai ksatria keadilan[10] dan memberi peng­hakiman bagi seluruh para kudus-Ku, murid-murid dan nabi-nabi,[11] melawan naga, si binatang, nabi palsu alias binatang kedua dan ketiga roh licik.

Dan dengan pedang-Ku, Aku akan memukul mereka satu persatu[12] dan menara-menara yang mereka bangun akan roboh, yaitu semua pengikut kedua binatang di bawah nama Cerdik Pandai! Bagaikan duri yang dipotong mereka kini telah memasuki Tubuh­Ku. Tetapi Aku akan membasmi mereka satu-persatu[13] dan membakar mereka di dalam api[14] , dan Nafas-Ku akan melahap sisa mereka seperti api....

Karena tidak ada yang tersembunyi dari Pandangan-Ku, Aku berkata ke­padamu bahwa di negeri mana pun si binatang dan sejenisnya telah menem­patkan seorang penguasa, yaitu salah satu dari golongan mereka, yang telah mengukuhkan kewibawaan mereka, bahkan terhadap setiap lembar rum­put.

Aku bersama engkau untuk mengajar engkau bagaimana memahami ini. Tulislah: Si binatang kedua, hamba dari yang pertama, bahkan sudah menunjukkan kekuasaannya yang kuat dengan terus menyeret bintang­-bintang[15] dari langit dan menjatuhkan mereka ke bumi seperti ranting. Dengarkanlah dan pahamilah: kekuatan­nya[16] akan menjangkau jauh hingga ke pasukan surgawi, dan akan melempar pasukan-pasukan serta bintang-bin­tang ke tanah dan menginjak-injaknya dengan kaki. Ia bahkan akan menant­ang kekuasaan Pangeran angkatan tersebut, dan akan menghapus Kurban Kekal dan menumbangkan pondasi tempat kekudusan-Nya"[17].

Inilah mereka yang pernah ada seperti itu dan sudah tidak ada lagi. Inilah mereka yang sudah tiada. Para pa­sukan surgawi dan bintang-bintang pernah menjadi Milik-Ku, tetapi mereka mengambil keputusan untuk berpisah dari-Ku dan menjadi mitra si binatang. "Mereka semua memiliki satu pemikiran dengan menempatkan kekuatan dan kekuasaan mereka untuk digunakan si binatang[18] ". Mereka menjual Diri-Ku setiap hari dan meng­hujat Aku di dalam Kurban Kekal, di dalam Sakramen Kudus Kasih Ilahi-Ku. Lihatkah engkau? Lihatkah engkau betapa besar kekacauan yang akan datang'! Maka, biarlah sekarang suaramu berkumandang di seluruh bumi dan biarkan Amanat-Ku sampai ke ujung dunia.

Terimalah Damai-Ku untuk bekerja dalam damai. Pujilah Aku sebab Aku memberi kehidupan barn kepada jiwamu .....

Kemuliaan kepada Allah. Aku berterima kasih kepada-Mu. dengan sepenuh hati aku berterima kasih kepada-Mu. Aku telah dihidupkan kembali dan Engkau te/ah memberi aku hati dari daging. Dagingku telah tumbuh kembali. Dengan memilih aku, Engkau telah men­gangkat aku untuk menikmati perkenan­Mu, dengan mengizinkan aku tinggal di Rumah-Mu selama seluruh hidupku.

Diberkatilah Allah yang mengizinkan aku setiap jam menikmati kemanisan­Nya, Kembutan-Nya dan rahmat-rah­mat-Nya. Sabda Allah adalah Kehidu­pan. Ajarlah lidahku untuk mengu­mandangkan kebaikan-Mu dan memuji Nama Kudus-Mu untuk selama-lamanya. Amin.

Mari, Aku memberkati engkau. Aku akan terus memberi engkau makanan bergizi dan Aku akan merawat eng­kau.

-Yesus-


[1] Maksud Yesus adalah: Persatuan

[2] Setan

[3] Why.I3:J-18.

[4] Why: 16: 13-14.

[5] Mat. 16: 18.

[6] Tim. 2: 9.

[7] Sekaligus aku juga mendengar kata: 'bendera'.

[8] Why. 16: 14.

[9] Why. 18: 20

[10] Why. 19: 11

[11] Why. 18: 20

[12] Setan.

[13] Roh-roh iblis.

[14] Roh-rohjahat (Why: 16: 13).

[15] Jiwa-jiwa yang penuh keutamaan

[16] Kekuatan si binatang.

[17] Dan. 8: 10-11.

[18] Why. 17: 13.

♥ HATIMU MUNGKIN HANCUR, NAMUN BEGITU JUGA HATIKU

 ♥ *HATIMU MUNGKIN HANCUR, NAMUN BEGITU JUGA HATIKU* sumber: https://ww3.tlig.org/en/messages/1202/ *Amanat Yesus 12 April 2020* Tuhan! Ini ...